Task |
A. Steep Turns |
References |
POH/AFM (specific to the training aircraft) |
Objective |
To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with steep turns. Note: See Appendix 7: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations. |
Knowledge |
The applicant demonstrates understanding of: |
PA.V.A.K1 |
Purpose of steep turns. |
PA.V.A.K2 |
Aerodynamics associated with steep turns, to include: |
PA.V.A.K2a |
a. Coordinated and uncoordinated flight |
PA.V.A.K2b |
b. Overbanking tendencies |
PA.V.A.K2c |
c. Maneuvering speed, including the impact of weight changes |
PA.V.A.K2d |
d. Load factor and accelerated stalls |
PA.V.A.K2e |
e. Rate and radius of turn |
Risk Management |
The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing: |
PA.V.A.R1 |
Failure to divide attention between airplane control and orientation. |
PA.V.A.R2 |
Collision hazards, to include aircraft, terrain, obstacles, and wires. |
PA.V.A.R3 |
Low altitude maneuvering including stall, spin, or CFIT. |
PA.V.A.R4 |
Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper task management. |
PA.V.A.R5 |
Failure to maintain coordinated flight. |
Skills |
The applicant demonstrates the ability to: |
PA.V.A.S1 |
Clear the area. |
PA.V.A.S2 |
Establish the manufacturer’s recommended airspeed; or if one is not available, a safe airspeed not to exceed VA. |
PA.V.A.S3 |
Roll into a coordinated 360° steep turn with approximately a 45° bank. |
PA.V.A.S4 |
Perform the Task in the opposite direction, as specified by evaluator. |
PA.V.A.S5 |
Maintain the entry altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, bank ±5°, and roll out on the entry heading ±10°. |
Task |
B. Ground Reference Maneuvers |
References |
|
Objective |
To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with ground reference maneuvering which may include a rectangular course, S- turns, and turns around a point. Note: See Appendix 7: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations. |
Knowledge |
The applicant demonstrates understanding of: |
PA.V.B.K1 |
Purpose of ground reference maneuvers. |
PA.V.B.K2 |
Effects of wind on ground track and relation to a ground reference point. |
PA.V.B.K3 |
Effects of bank angle and groundspeed on rate and radius of turn. |
PA.V.B.K4 |
Relationship of rectangular course to airport traffic pattern. |
Risk Management |
The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing: |
PA.V.B.R1 |
Failure to divide attention between airplane control and orientation. |
PA.V.B.R2 |
Collision hazards, to include aircraft, terrain, obstacles, and wires. |
PA.V.B.R3 |
Low altitude maneuvering including stall, spin, or CFIT. |
PA.V.B.R4 |
Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper task management. |
PA.V.B.R5 |
Failure to maintain coordinated flight. |
Skills |
The applicant demonstrates the ability to: |
PA.V.B.S1 |
Clear the area. |
PA.V.B.S2 |
Select a suitable ground reference area, line, or point as appropriate. |
PA.V.B.S3 |
Plan the maneuver: Note: The evaluator must select at least one maneuver for the applicant to demonstrate. |
PA.V.B.S3a |
a. Rectangular course: enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 1,000 feet above ground level (AGL) at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45° to the downwind leg |
PA.V.B.S3b |
b. S-turns: enter perpendicular to the selected reference line, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area |
PA.V.B.S3c |
c. Turnsaroundapoint:enteratanappropriatedistancefromthereferencepoint,600 to 1,000 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area |
PA.V.B.S4 |
Apply adequate wind-drift correction during straight and turning flight to maintain a constant ground track around a rectangular reference area, or to maintain a constant radius turn on each side of a selected reference line or point. |
PA.V.B.S5 |
If performing S-Turns, reverse the turn directly over the selected reference line; if performing turns around a point, complete turns in either direction, as specified by the evaluator. |
PA.V.B.S6 |
Divide attention between airplane control, traffic avoidance and the ground track while maintaining coordinated flight. |
PA.V.B.S7 |
Maintain altitude ±100 feet; maintain airspeed ±10 knots. |
Sarah Nilsson, J.D., Ph.D., MAS
602 561 8665
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