UA.I.E.K1 - Remote pilot responsibilities when operating over people

UA.I.E.K2 - Operations over people at night

UA.I.E.K3 - Categories of operations, including:

UA.I.E.K3a - Category 1

UA.I.E.K3b - Category 2

UA.I.E.K3c - Category 3

UA.I.E.K3d - Category 4

To conduct Category 1 operations, a remote PIC must use a sUA that weighs

1. 0.55 pounds or less
2. 0.65 pounds or less
3. 0.75 pounds or less

Which category of operations over people requires that the sUAS will not cause injury equivalent to or greater than the impact of 11 foot-pounds of kinetic energy?

1. Category 1
2. Category 2
3. Category 3
4. Category 4

Which category of operations over people is allowed for operations conducted over a closed or restricted-access site?

1. Category 1
2. Category 2
3. Category 3
4. Category 4

Which category of operations over people is limited to sUAS that weigh 0.55lbs or less, including everything that is on board or attached?

1. Category 1
2. Category 2
3. Category 3
4. Category 4

For which categories of operations is sustained flight over open-air assemblies restricted to sUAS that meet Remote ID requirements? (Select all that apply) 

1. Category 1
2. Category 2
3. Category 3
4. Category 4

To conduct Category 1 operations over people, the sUA:

1. Must be labeled to indicate the eligible category
2. Must be listed in an FAA-approved Declaration of Compliance (DoC)
3. Must weigh 0.55 lbs. or less, including everything that is on board or attached

For Category 2 operations over people, the sUA:

1. Must be equipped with a siren to alert persons who are not directly involved in the operation
2. May only be operated in a closed or restricted-access site
3. Must not contain any exposed rotating parts that could lacerate human skin

For Category 3 operations over people, the sUA must not cause injury equivalent to or greater than the impact of:

1. 11 foot-pounds of kinetic energy
2. 5 foot-pounds of kinetic energy
3. 25 foot-pounds of kinetic energy

Category 4 operations are limited to UA:

1. Registered outside the United States
2. With FAA-issued airworthiness certificates
3. Operated beyond visual line-of-sight

For Category 1, 2, and 4, operations over people, sustained flight over open air assemblies are restricted to sUA that:

1. Meet part 89 Remote ID requirements
2. Are operated at FAA-recognized identification areas (FRIAs) 
3. Weigh more than 55 pounds

Which category of sUA must have an airworthiness certificate issued by the FAA?

1. 4
2. 3
3. 2

UA.I.E.K4 - Selecting an operational area

UA.I.E.K5 - Minimum distances from a person

UA.I.E.K6 - Operations over moving vehicles

UA.I.E.K7 - Modifications to an sUAS

UA.I.E.K8 - Closed and restricted access sites

UA.I.E.K9 - Remote pilot operating limitations

14 CFR §89.1   Definitions.

The following definitions apply to this part.

Declaration of compliance means a record submitted to the FAA by the producer of a standard remote identification UA or remote identification broadcast module to attest that all the requirements of subpart F of this part have been met.

Home-built UA means a UA that an individual built solely for education or recreation.

14 CFR §89.5   Falsification, reproduction, alteration, or omission.

(a) No person may make or cause to be made any of the following:

(1) Any fraudulent or intentionally false statement in any document related to any acceptance, application, approval, authorization, certificate, declaration, designation, qualification, record, report, request for reconsideration, or similar, submitted under this part.

(2) Any fraudulent or intentionally false statement in any document required to be developed, provided, kept, or used to show compliance with any requirement under this part.

(3) Any reproduction or alteration, for fraudulent purpose, of any document related to any acceptance, application, approval, authorization, certificate, declaration, designation, qualification, record, report, request for reconsideration, or similar, submitted or granted under this part.

(b) No person may, by omission, knowingly conceal or cause to be concealed, a material fact in—

(1) Any document related to any acceptance, application, approval, authorization, certificate, declaration, designation, qualification, record, report, request for reconsideration, or similar, submitted under this part; or

(2) Any document required to be developed, provided, kept, or used to show compliance with any requirement under this part.

(c) The commission by any person of an act prohibited under paragraph (a) or (b) of this section is a basis for—

(1) Denial, suspension, rescission, or revocation of any acceptance, application, approval, authorization, certificate, declaration, declaration of compliance, designation, document, filing, qualification, means of compliance, record, report, request for reconsideration, or similar instrument issued or granted by the Administrator and held by that person; or

(2) A civil penalty.

14 CFR §89.101   Applicability.

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, this subpart applies to the following:

(1) Persons operating UA registered or required to be registered under part 47 or 48 of this chapter.

(2) Persons operating foreign civil UA in the United States.

(b) This subpart does not apply to UA operations under part 91 of this chapter that are transmitting ADS-B Out pursuant to §91.225.

14 CFR §89.105   Remote identification requirement.

Except as otherwise authorized by the Administrator or as provided in §89.120, after September 16, 2023, no person may operate a UA within the airspace of the United States unless the operation meets the requirements of §89.110 or §89.115.

14 CFR §89.110   Operation of standard remote identification UA.

Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, a person may comply with the remote identification requirement of §89.105 by operating a standard remote identification UA under the following conditions:

(a) Operational requirements. A person may operate a standard remote identification UA only if the person operating the standard remote identification UA ensures that all of the following conditions are met:

(1) From takeoff to shutdown, the standard remote identification UA must broadcast the message elements of §89.305.

(2) The person manipulating the flight controls of the UAS must land the UA as soon as practicable if the standard remote identification UA is no longer broadcasting the message elements of §89.305.

(b) Standard remote identification UA requirements. A person may operate a standard remote identification UA only if the UA meets all of the following requirements:

(1) Its serial number is listed on an FAA-accepted declaration of compliance, or the standard remote identification UA is covered by a design approval or production approval issued under part 21 of this chapter and meets the requirements of subpart F of this part.

(2) Its remote identification equipment is functional and complies with the requirements of this part from takeoff to shutdown.

(3) Its remote identification equipment and functionality have not been disabled.

(4) The Certificate of Aircraft Registration of the UA used in the operation must include the serial number of the UA, as per applicable requirements of parts 47 and 48 of this chapter, or the serial number of the UA must be provided to the FAA in a notice of identification pursuant to §89.130 prior to the operation.

What must a person, who is manipulating the controls of a sUA, do if the standard remote identification fails during a flight?

1. Land the aircraft as soon as practicable
2. Notify the nearest FAA Air Traffic facility
3. Activate the aircraft’s navigation lights

UA.I.E.K10 - Required components and Category declaration

UA.I.E.K11 - Optional components

UA.I.E.K12 - Applicant produced, designed, or modified sUAS for operations over people

UA.I.E.K13 - Declaration of Compliance (DoC)

UA.I.E.K14 - Maintenance of an sUAS that is eligible for operations over people

14 CFR §89.501   Applicability.

(a) This subpart prescribes—

(1) Requirements for the design and production of UA with remote identification produced for operation in the airspace of the United States.

(2) Requirements for the design and production of remote identification broadcast modules.

(3) Procedural requirements for the submission, acceptance, and rescission of declarations of compliance.

(4) Rules governing persons submitting declarations of compliance for FAA acceptance under this part.

(b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, this subpart applies to the design and production of all UA operated in the airspace of the United States.

(c) Except for UA designed and produced to be standard remote identification UA, this subpart does not apply to the design or production of:

(1) Home-built UA.

(2) UA of the United States Government.

(3) UA that weigh 0.55 pounds or less on takeoff, including everything that is on board or otherwise attached to the aircraft.

(4) UA designed or produced exclusively for the purpose of aeronautical research or to show compliance with regulations.

14 CFR §89.505   Serial numbers.

No person may produce a standard remote identification UA under §89.510 or §89.515 or a remote identification broadcast module under §89.520, unless the producer assigns to the UA or remote identification broadcast module a serial number that complies with ANSI/CTA-2063-A. ANSI/CTA-2063-A, SUAS Serial Numbers (September 2019) is incorporated by reference into this section with the approval of the Director of the Office of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. All approved material is available for inspection at the FAA's Office of Rulemaking (ARM-1), 800 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20590 (telephone 202-267-9677) and is available from Consumer Technology Association (CTA), 1919 South Eads Street, Arlington, VA 22202, CTA@CTA.tech, 703-907-7600 or at https://www.cta.tech. It is also available for inspection at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, email fedreg.legal@nara.gov, or go to www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.

14 CFR §89.510   Production requirements for UA produced under a design approval or production approval issued under part 21 of this chapter.

After September 16, 2022, no person may produce a UA for operation in the airspace of the United States under a design approval or production approval issued under part 21 of this chapter unless:

(a) All applicable requirements of part 21 of this chapter are met; and

(b) The UA is—

(1) Designed and produced to meet the minimum performance requirements for standard remote identification UA established in §89.310 in accordance with an FAA-accepted means of compliance; or

(2) Equipped with Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Out equipment that meets the requirements of §91.225 of this chapter.

14 CFR §89.515   Production requirements for UA without design approval or production approval issued under part 21 of this chapter.

Except as provided in §89.510, after September 16, 2022, no person may produce a UA for operation in the airspace of the United States unless—

(a) The UA is designed and produced to meet the minimum performance requirements for standard remote identification UA established in §89.310 in accordance with an FAA-accepted means of compliance; and

(b) All of the following conditions are met:

(1) Inspection requirements for production of standard UA. A person responsible for the production of standard remote identification UA must, upon request, allow the Administrator to inspect the person's facilities, technical data, and any standard remote identification UA the person produces, and to witness any tests necessary to determine compliance with this subpart.

(2) Audit requirements. A person responsible for the production of standard remote identification UA must cause independent audits to be performed on a recurring basis, and additionally whenever the FAA provides notice of noncompliance or potential noncompliance, to demonstrate the UA listed under a declaration of compliance meet the requirements of this subpart. The person responsible for the production of standard remote identification UA must provide the results of all such audits to the FAA upon request.

(3) Product support and notification. A person responsible for the production of standard remote identification UA must maintain product support and notification procedures to notify the public and the FAA of any defect or condition that causes a UA to no longer meet the requirements of this subpart, within 15 calendar days of the date the person becomes aware of the defect or condition.

14 CFR §89.520   Production requirements for remote identification broadcast modules.

After March 16, 2021, no person may produce remote identification broadcast modules unless:

(a) The remote identification broadcast module is designed and produced to meet the minimum performance requirements for remote identification broadcast modules established in §89.320 in accordance with an FAA-accepted means of compliance; and

(b) All of the following conditions are met:

(1) Inspection requirements for production of remote identification broadcast modules. A person responsible for the production of remote identification broadcast modules must, upon request, allow the Administrator to inspect the person's facilities, technical data, and any remote identification broadcast modules the person produces, and to witness any tests necessary to determine compliance with this subpart.

(2) Audit requirements. A person responsible for the production of remote identification broadcast modules must cause independent audits to be performed on a recurring basis, and additionally whenever the FAA provides notice of noncompliance or potential noncompliance, to demonstrate the remote identification broadcast modules listed under a declaration of compliance meet the requirements of this subpart. The person responsible for the production of remote identification broadcast modules must provide the results of all such audits to the FAA upon request.

(3) Product support and notification. A person responsible for the production of remote identification broadcast modules must maintain product support and notification procedures to notify the public and the FAA of any defect or condition that causes the remote identification broadcast module to no longer meet the requirements of this subpart, within 15 calendar days of the date the person becomes aware of the defect or condition.

(4) Instructions. A person responsible for the production of a remote identification broadcast module must make available instructions for installing and operating the remote identification broadcast module to any person operating a UA with the remote identification broadcast module.

14 CFR §89.530   Submission of a declaration of compliance for FAA acceptance.

(a) Eligibility. A person responsible for the production of a standard remote identification UA under §89.515 or a remote identification broadcast module under §89.520 must submit a declaration of compliance for acceptance by the FAA.

(b) Required information for standard remote identification UA. The person responsible for the production of a standard remote identification UA requesting acceptance of a declaration of compliance must declare that the UA complies with the requirements of this subpart by submitting a declaration of compliance to the FAA in a form and manner acceptable to the Administrator. The declaration must include at a minimum the following information:

(1) The name, physical address, telephone number, and email address of the person responsible for production of the UA.

(2) The UA's make and model.

(3) The UA's serial number, or the range of serial numbers for which the person responsible for production is declaring compliance.

(4) The FCC Identifier of the 47 CFR part 15-compliant radio frequency equipment used and integrated into the UA.

(5) The means of compliance used in the design and production of the UA.

(6) Whether the declaration of compliance is an initial declaration or an amended declaration, and if the declaration of compliance is an amended declaration, the reason for the amendment.

(7) A declaration that the person responsible for the production of the UA:

(i) Can demonstrate that the UA was designed and produced to meet the minimum performance requirements of §89.310 by using an FAA-accepted means of compliance.

(ii) Complies with the requirements of §89.515(b).

(8) A statement that 47 CFR part 15-compliant radio frequency equipment is used and is integrated into the UA without modification to its authorized radio frequency parameters.

(c) Required information for remote identification broadcast modules. The person responsible for the production of a remote identification broadcast module under §89.520 that is requesting acceptance of a declaration of compliance must declare that the remote identification broadcast module complies with the requirements of this subpart by submitting a declaration of compliance to the FAA in a form and manner acceptable to the Administrator. The declaration must include at a minimum the following information:

(1) The name, physical address, telephone number, and email address of the person responsible for production of the remote identification broadcast module.

(2) The remote identification broadcast module's make and model.

(3) The remote identification broadcast module's serial number, or the range of serial numbers for which the person responsible for production is declaring compliance.

(4) The FCC Identifier of the 47 CFR part 15-compliant radio frequency equipment used and integrated into the remote identification broadcast module.

(5) The means of compliance used in the design and production of the remote identification broadcast module.

(6) Whether the declaration of compliance is an initial declaration or an amended declaration, and if the declaration of compliance is an amended declaration, the reason for the amendment.

(7) A declaration that the person responsible for the production of the remote identification broadcast module:

(i) Can demonstrate that the remote identification broadcast module was designed and produced to meet the minimum performance requirements of §89.320 by using an FAA-accepted means of compliance.

(ii) Complies with the requirements of §89.520(b).

(8) A statement that 47 CFR part 15-compliant radio frequency equipment is used and is integrated into the remote identification broadcast module without modification to its authorized radio frequency parameters, and a statement that instructions have been provided for installation of 47 CFR part 15-compliant remote identification broadcast module without modification to the broadcast module's authorized radio frequency parameters.

14 CFR §89.535   Acceptance of a declaration of compliance.

(a) The Administrator will evaluate a declaration of compliance that is submitted to the FAA and may request additional information or documentation, as needed, to supplement the declaration of compliance.

(b) If the Administrator determines that the submitter has demonstrated compliance with the requirements of this subpart, the FAA will notify the submitter that the Administrator has accepted the declaration of compliance.

14 CFR §89.540   Rescission and reconsideration.

(a) Rescission of the FAA's acceptance of a declaration of compliance. (1) A declaration of compliance is subject to ongoing review by the Administrator. The Administrator may rescind acceptance of a declaration of compliance under circumstances including but not limited to the following:

(i) A standard remote identification UA or remote identification broadcast module listed under an accepted declaration of compliance does not meet the minimum performance requirements of §89.310 or §89.320.

(ii) A previously FAA-accepted declaration of compliance does not meet a requirement of this subpart; or

(iii) The FAA rescinds acceptance of the means of compliance listed in an FAA-accepted declaration of compliance.

(2) The Administrator will notify the person who submitted the FAA-accepted declaration of compliance of any issue of noncompliance.

(3) If the Administrator determines that it is in the public interest, prior to rescinding acceptance of a declaration of compliance, the Administrator may provide a reasonable period of time for the person who submitted the declaration of compliance to remediate the noncompliance. A failure to remediate the noncompliance constitutes cause for rescission of the FAA's acceptance of the declaration of compliance.

(4) The Administrator will notify the person who submitted the declaration of compliance of the decision to rescind acceptance of the declaration of compliance by publishing a notice of rescission in the Federal Register.

(b) Petition to reconsider the FAA's decision to rescind acceptance of a declaration of compliance. (1) The person who submitted the FAA-accepted declaration of compliance or any person adversely affected by the rescission of the Administrator's acceptance of a declaration of compliance may petition for a reconsideration of the decision by submitting a request to the FAA in a form and manner acceptable to the Administrator within 60 calendar days of the date of publication in the Federal Register of notification of rescission.

(2) A petition to reconsider the rescission of the Administrator's acceptance of a declaration of compliance must show that the petitioner is an interested party and has been adversely affected by the decision of the FAA. The petition must also demonstrate at least one of the following:

(i) The petitioner adduces a significant additional fact not previously presented to the FAA.

(ii) The Administrator made a material error of fact in the decision to rescind acceptance of the declaration of compliance.

(iii) The Administrator did not correctly interpret a law, regulation, or precedent.

(3) Upon consideration of the information submitted by the petitioner, the Administrator will notify the petitioner and the person who submitted the declaration of compliance (if different) of the decision on whether to reinstate the Administrator's acceptance of the declaration of compliance.

(c) Inapplicability of part 13, subpart D, of this chapter. Part 13, subpart D, of this chapter does not apply to the procedures of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section.

14 CFR §89.545   Record retention.

A person who submits a declaration of compliance under this subpart that is accepted by the Administrator must retain the following information for as long as the standard remote identification UA or remote identification broadcast module listed on that declaration of compliance is produced plus an additional 24 calendar months, and must make available for inspection by the Administrator the following:

(a) The means of compliance, all documentation, and substantiating data related to the means of compliance used.

(b) Records of all test results.

(c) Any other information necessary to demonstrate compliance with the means of compliance so that the standard remote identification UA or remote identification broadcast module meets the remote identification requirements and the design and production requirements of this part.

Where must a sUA’s serial number be listed when using either standard remote identification or a broadcast module?

1. The aircraft’s Document of Compliance
2. The manufacturer’s Method of Compliance
3. The Certificate of Aircraft Registration

UA.I.E.K15 - Means of Compliance (MoC)

UA.I.E.K16 - Impact kinetic energy

UA.I.E.K17 - Exposed rotating parts

14 CFR §89.401   Applicability.

This subpart prescribes—

(a) Requirements for means of compliance with subpart D of this part.

(b) Procedural requirements for the submission and acceptance of means of compliance used in the design and production of standard remote identification UA or remote identification broadcast modules to ensure they meet the minimum performance requirements of this part.

(c) Rules governing persons submitting means of compliance for FAA acceptance.

14 CFR §89.405   Submission of a means of compliance for FAA acceptance.

(a) Eligibility. Any person may submit a means of compliance for acceptance by the FAA.

(b) Required information. A person requesting acceptance of a means of compliance must submit the following information to the FAA in a form and manner acceptable to the Administrator:

(1) The name of the person or entity submitting the means of compliance, the name of the main point of contact for communications with the FAA, the physical address, email address, and other contact information.

(2) A detailed description of the means of compliance.

(3) An explanation of how the means of compliance addresses all of the minimum performance requirements established in subpart D of this part so that any standard remote identification UA or remote identification broadcast module designed and produced in accordance with such means of compliance meets the remote identification requirements of this part.

(4) Any substantiating material the person wishes the FAA to consider as part of the request.

(c) Testing and validation. A means of compliance submitted for acceptance by the FAA must include testing and validation procedures for persons responsible for the production of standard remote identification UA or remote identification broadcast modules to demonstrate through analysis, ground test, or flight test, as appropriate, how the standard remote identification UA or the remote identification broadcast module performs its intended functions and meets the requirements in subpart D of this part, including any applicable FAA performance requirements for radio station operation.

14 CFR §89.410   Acceptance of a means of compliance.

(a) A person requesting acceptance of a means of compliance must demonstrate to the Administrator that the means of compliance addresses all of the requirements of subparts D and E of this part, and that any standard remote identification UA or remote identification broadcast module designed and produced in accordance with such means of compliance would meet the performance requirements of subpart D of this part.

(b) The Administrator will evaluate a means of compliance that is submitted to the FAA and may request additional information or documentation, as needed, to supplement the submission.

(c) If the Administrator determines the person has demonstrated that the means of compliance meets the requirements of subparts D and E of this part, the FAA will notify the person that the Administrator has accepted the means of compliance.

14 CFR §89.415   Rescission.

(a) Rescission of an FAA-accepted means of compliance. (1) A means of compliance is subject to ongoing review by the Administrator. The Administrator may rescind acceptance of a means of compliance if the Administrator determines that a means of compliance does not meet any or all of the requirements of subpart D or E of this part.

(2) The Administrator will publish a notice of rescission in the Federal Register.

(b) Inapplicability of part 13, subpart D, of this chapter. Part 13, subpart D, of this chapter does not apply to the procedures of paragraph (a) of this section.

14 CFR §89.420   Record retention.

A person who submits a means of compliance that is accepted by the Administrator under this subpart must retain the following information for as long as the means of compliance is accepted plus an additional 24 calendar months, and must make available for inspection by the Administrator the following:

(a) All documentation and substantiating data submitted to the FAA for acceptance of the means of compliance.

(b) Records of all test procedures, methodology, and other procedures, as applicable.

(c) Any other information necessary to justify and substantiate how the means of compliance enables compliance with the remote identification requirements of this part.

UA.I.F.K1 - Standard Remote Identification

UA.I.F.K2 - Alternative Remote Identification

14 CFR §89.115   Alternative remote identification.

A person operating a UA that is not a standard remote identification UA may comply with the remote identification requirement of §89.105 by meeting all of the requirements of either paragraph (a) or (b) of this section.

(a) Remote identification broadcast modules. Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, a person may operate a UA that is not a standard remote identification UA if all of the following conditions are met:

(1) Equipage. (i) The UA used in the operation must be equipped with a remote identification broadcast module that meets the requirements of §89.320 and the serial number of the remote identification broadcast module must be listed on an FAA-accepted declaration of compliance.

(ii) The Certificate of Aircraft Registration of the UA used in the operation must include the serial number of the remote identification broadcast module, as per applicable requirements of parts 47 and 48 of this chapter, or the serial number of the UA must be provided to the FAA in a notice of identification pursuant to §89.130 prior to the operation.

(2) Remote identification operating requirements. Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, a person may operate a UA under this paragraph (a) only if all of the following conditions are met:

(i) From takeoff to shutdown, the person operating the UA must ensure that the remote identification broadcast module broadcasts the remote identification message elements of §89.315 directly from the UA.

(ii) The person manipulating the flight controls of the UA system must be able to see the UA at all times throughout the operation.

(3) Pre-flight requirement. Prior to takeoff, the person manipulating the flight controls of the UAS must ensure the remote identification broadcast module is functioning in accordance with this subpart.

(4) In-flight loss of remote identification broadcast. The person manipulating the flight controls of the UAS must land the UA as soon as practicable if the UA is no longer broadcasting the message elements of §89.315.

(b) Operations at FAA-recognized identification areas. Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, a person may operate a UA without remote identification equipment only if all of the following conditions are met:

(1) The UA and the person manipulating the flight controls of the UAS remain within the boundaries of an FAA-recognized identification area throughout the operation; and

(2) The person manipulating the flight controls of the UAS must be able to see the UA at all times throughout the operation.

UA.I.F.K3 - Operations for aeronautical research

14 CFR §89.120   Operations for aeronautical research or to show compliance with regulations.

The Administrator may authorize operations without remote identification where the operation is solely for the purpose of aeronautical research or to show compliance with regulations.

UA.I.F.K4 - ADS-B Out

14 CFR §89.125   Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Out prohibition.

Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Out equipment cannot be used to comply with the remote identification requirements of this part.

14 CFR §107.52   ATC transponder equipment prohibition.

Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, no person may operate a sUAS under this part with a transponder on.

UA.I.F.K5 - Confirmation of identification

14 CFR §89.130   Confirmation of identification.

(a) Notification requirement. No person may operate a foreign registered civil UA with remote identification in the airspace of the United States unless, prior to the operation, the person submits a notice of identification in a form and manner acceptable to the Administrator. The notice of identification must include all of the following:

(1) The name of the person operating the foreign registered civil UA in the United States, and, if applicable, the person's authorized representative.

(2) The physical address of the person operating the foreign registered civil UA in the United States, and, if applicable, the physical address for the person's authorized representative. If the operator or authorized representative does not receive mail at the physical address, a mailing address must also be provided.

(3) The telephone number(s) where the person operating the foreign registered civil UA in the United States, and, if applicable, the person's authorized representative can be reached while in the United States.

(4) The email address of the person operating the foreign registered civil UA in the United States, and, if applicable, the email address of the person's authorized representative.

(5) The UA manufacturer and model name.

(6) The serial number of the UA or remote identification broadcast module.

(7) The country of registration of the UA.

(8) The registration number.

(b) Issuance of a Confirmation of Identification. (1) The FAA will issue a Confirmation of Identification upon completion of the notification requirements provided in paragraph (a) of this section.

(2) The filing of a notification under paragraph (a) of this section and the Confirmation of Identification issued under paragraph (b)(1) of this section do not have the effect of United States aircraft registration.

(c) Proof of notification. No person may operate a foreign registered civil UA with remote identification in the United States unless the person obtains a Confirmation of Identification under paragraph (b)(1) of this section, maintains such Confirmation of Identification at the UA's control station, and produces the Confirmation of Identification when requested by the FAA or a law enforcement officer.

(d) Requirement to maintain current information. The holder of a Confirmation of Identification must ensure that the information provided under paragraph (a) of this section remains accurate and must update the information prior to operating a foreign registered civil UA in the United States.

UA.I.F.K6 - Minimum message elements broadcast for remote identification

14 CFR §89.301   Applicability.

This subpart prescribes the minimum message element set and minimum performance requirements for standard remote identification UA and remote identification broadcast modules.

14 CFR §89.305   Minimum message elements broadcast by standard remote identification UA.

A standard remote identification UA must be capable of broadcasting the following remote identification message elements:

(a) The identity of the UA, consisting of:

(1) A serial number assigned to the UA by the person responsible for the production of the standard remote identification UA; or

(2) A session ID.

(b) An indication of the latitude and longitude of the control station.

(c) An indication of the geometric altitude of the control station.

(d) An indication of the latitude and longitude of the UA.

(e) An indication of the geometric altitude of the UA.

(f) An indication of the velocity of the UA.

(g) A time mark identifying the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) time of applicability of a position source output.

(h) An indication of the emergency status of the UA.

14 CFR §89.310   Minimum performance requirements for standard remote identification UA.

A standard remote identification UA must meet the following minimum performance requirements:

(a) Control station location. The location of the control station of the UA must be generated and encoded into the message elements and must correspond to the location of the person manipulating the flight controls of the UAS.

(b) Time mark. The time mark message element must be synchronized with all other remote identification message elements.

(c) Self-testing and monitoring. (1) Prior to takeoff, the UA must automatically test the remote identification functionality and notify the person manipulating the flight controls of the UAS of the result of the test.

(2) The UA must not be able to take off if the remote identification equipment is not functional.

(3) The UA must continuously monitor the remote identification functionality from takeoff to shutdown and must provide notification of malfunction or failure to the person manipulating the flight controls of the UAS.

(d) Tamper resistance. The UA must be designed and produced in a way that reduces the ability of a person to tamper with the remote identification functionality.

(e) Error correction. The remote identification equipment must incorporate error correction in the broadcast of the message elements in §89.305.

(f) Interference considerations. The remote identification equipment must not interfere with other systems or equipment installed on the UA, and other systems or equipment installed on the UA must not interfere with the remote identification equipment.

(g) Message broadcast. (1) The UA must be capable of broadcasting the message elements in §89.305 using a non-proprietary broadcast specification and using radio frequency spectrum compatible with personal wireless devices in accordance with 47 CFR part 15, where operations may occur without an FCC individual license.

(2) Any broadcasting device used to meet the requirements of this section must be integrated into the UA without modification to its authorized radio frequency parameters and designed to maximize the range at which the broadcast can be received, while complying with 47 CFR part 15 and any other applicable laws in effect as of the date the declaration of compliance is submitted to the FAA for acceptance.

(h) Message elements performance requirements. (1) The reported geometric position of the UA and the control station must be accurate to within 100 feet of the true position, with 95 percent probability.

(2) The reported geometric altitude of the control station must be accurate to within 15 feet of the true geometric altitude, with 95 percent probability.

(3) The reported geometric altitude of the UA must be accurate to within 150 feet of the true geometric altitude, with 95 percent probability.

(4) The UA must broadcast the latitude, longitude, and geometric altitude of the UA and its control station no later than 1.0 seconds from the time of measurement to the time of broadcast.

(5) The UA must broadcast the message elements at a rate of at least 1 message per second.

(i) Take-off limitation. The UA must not be able to take off unless it is broadcasting the message elements in §89.305.

14 CFR §89.315   Minimum message elements broadcast by remote identification broadcast modules.

Remote identification broadcast modules must be capable of broadcasting the following remote identification message elements:

(a) The identity of the UA, consisting of the serial number assigned to the remote identification broadcast module by the person responsible for the production of the remote identification broadcast module.

(b) An indication of the latitude and longitude of the UA.

(c) An indication of the geometric altitude of the UA.

(d) An indication of the velocity of the UA.

(e) An indication of the latitude and longitude of the take-off location of the UA.

(f) An indication of the geometric altitude of the take-off location of the UA.

(g) A time mark identifying the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) time of applicability of a position source output.

14 CFR §89.320   Minimum performance requirements for remote identification broadcast modules.

Remote identification broadcast modules must meet the following minimum performance requirements:

(a) Take-off location. The remote identification broadcast module must be capable of determining the take-off location of the UA.

(b) Time mark. The time mark message element must be synchronized with all other remote identification message elements.

(c) Self-testing and monitoring. (1) Prior to take-off, the remote identification broadcast module must automatically test the remote identification functionality and notify the person manipulating the flight controls of the UAS of the result of the test.

(2) The remote identification broadcast module must continuously monitor the remote identification functionality from takeoff to shutdown and must provide notification of malfunction or failure to the person manipulating the flight controls of the UAS.

(d) Tamper resistance. The remote identification broadcast module must be designed and produced in a way that reduces the ability of a person to tamper with the remote identification functionality.

(e) Error correction. The remote identification broadcast module must incorporate error correction in the broadcast of the message elements in §89.315.

(f) Interference considerations. The remote identification broadcast module must not interfere with other systems or equipment installed on compatible UA, and other systems or equipment installed on compatible UA must not interfere with the remote identification equipment.

(g) Message broadcast. (1) The remote identification broadcast module must be capable of broadcasting the message elements in §89.315 using a non-proprietary broadcast specification and using radio frequency spectrum compatible with personal wireless devices in accordance with 47 CFR part 15, where operations may occur without an FCC individual license.

(2) The remote identification broadcast module must be designed to maximize the range at which the broadcast can be received, while complying with 47 CFR part 15 and any other applicable laws in effect as of the date the declaration of compliance is submitted to the FAA for acceptance.

(h) Message elements performance requirements. (1) The reported geometric position of the UA must be accurate to within 100 feet of the true position, with 95 percent probability.

(2) The reported geometric altitude of the UA must be accurate to within 150 feet of the true geometric altitude, with 95 percent probability.

(3) The reported geometric position of the take-off location must be accurate to within 100 feet of the true geometric position, with 95 percent probability.

(4) The reported geometric altitude of the take-off location must be accurate to within 150 feet of the true geometric altitude, with 95 percent probability.

(5) The remote identification broadcast module must broadcast the latitude, longitude, and geometric altitude of the UA no later than 1.0 seconds from the time of measurement to the time of broadcast.

(6) The remote identification broadcast module must broadcast the message elements at a rate of at least 1 message per second.

AC 107-2A

UA.I.F.K7 - Product labeling

14 CFR §89.525   Labeling.

(a) No person may produce a standard remote identification UA under §89.515 unless it displays a label indicating that the UA meets the requirements of this part. The label must be in English and be legible, prominent, and permanently affixed to the UA.

(b) No person may produce a remote identification broadcast module under §89.520 unless it displays a label indicating that the equipment meets the requirements of this part. The label must be in English and be legible, prominent, and permanently affixed to the broadcast module.

Which of the following UA may only operate in “FAA-recognized identification areas”?

1. A new UA produced after the compliance date with standard remote ID capabilities
2. An existing or home-built UA that is later equipped with a remote ID broadcast module
3. Any UA that does not have Remote ID capabilities

If the UA or Remote ID broadcast module indicates that the equipment is not functioning properly while the UA is in flight, the Remote PIC must: 

1. Land the UA as soon as practicable
2. Transfer control of the UA to a visual observer
3. Immediately report the malfunction to the FAA

A sUA without Remote ID that is equipped after production with a Remote ID broadcast module:

1. Is limited to visual line of sight (VLOS) operations
2. May only operate at FAA-recognized identification areas (FRIAs)
3. May not be operated in the National Airspace System (NAS)

A person may not use a Remote ID broadcast module that:

1. Relies solely on a software upgrade to existing hardware on the UA
2. Fails the self-test when powered on
3. Is installed by anyone other than the UA manufacturer

Part 89 Remote Identification (Remote ID) requirements:

1. Only apply to UA that weigh less than 0.55lbs.
2. Apply to all UA operating under part 107
3. Do not apply to UA

Sarah Nilsson, J.D., Ph.D., MAS

602 561 8665

sarah@sarahnilsson.org

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